Nano-Tera.ch by Anil Leblebici & Patrick Mayor & Martin Rajman & Giovanni De Micheli

Author:Anil Leblebici & Patrick Mayor & Martin Rajman & Giovanni De Micheli
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319991092
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Fig. 3.25Example of GEO top results heat and water budget in the snow and subsurface during one year. This allows exploring processes and parameters that can plausibly explain the observed timing of slope acceleration or deceleration as it is likely connected with water content and/or temperature. (Source: Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 7, pp. 2831-2857, 2014, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2831-2014)

The X-Sense project has focused on the development of wireless sensing technologies for environmental sensing under extreme environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, mechanical forces, snow coverage, etc). X-Sense integrated various sensing dimensions (such as pressure, humidity, crevice movements, high precision deformation and movements) in terms of sensing and processing hardware, software and sensor fusion algorithms. The researchers have utilized this new measurement technology to advance applications in science and society: geophysical research and early warning against landslides and rock-falls, thereby securing people in their homes, during recreational activities, in public transportation and cars. All these activities are guided by thorough geophysical modeling and simulation as well as by demands from early warning scenarios.

X-Sense researchers have built various rugged electronic chips and more than 50 sensors have been installed in the Mattertal area of Switzerland. The corresponding prototype of wireless sensor network and GPS data processing framework has been deployed with improved system reliability and data quality derived from model-based design principles. The full pipeline from GPS and image sensors to the data-base servers has been established and thoroughly tested. New algorithms have been developed and applied that led to high precision sensing, high data quality by means of network tomography and highly robust processing and communication in extreme environments. The installation has been in operation for over 6 years: this continuous operation period as well as the corresponding data quality is unique. As a result, many new scientific results in the area of geoscience have been made possible. They have helped scientists to understand the complex geophysical processes in permafrost regions and the destructive processes due to global warming. Currently, hardware and software are built and transferred to the Federal Office for the Environment in Switzerland for early warning purposes. It was shown that wireless sensor network technology makes it possible to quantify mountain phenomena, and can be used for safety critical applications in a hostile environment (Fig. 3.26).

Fig. 3.26Matterhorn sensor drilling. (Source: Nano-Tera, X-Sense Project)

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